A Reflection On The Family - 1299 Words

member on a scale from 0 to 10 how he or she think their family is doing. Explain to the family that 10 is the best that they have ever been and 0 is the worst the family has ever been. Using circular questioning, a therapist will ask all members and hopefully throughout the sessions the number will increase, showing progression and improvement within the family (Gehart, 2010). Again, general strengths may include that a family has solid social support, stable employment, and an impactful spiritual life. Using those strengths in a SFT framework would include the family relying on social support to assist them when role confusion is present and the family needs help to get through their daily routines (i.e. picking kids up form school, preparing meals). The parents’ place of employment can also be helpful by giving the parent more paid time off so the non-caregiving parent can accomplish the necessities as since is role confusion may happen. Lastly, the family can use their spiritual involvement as a sense of hope and power to get through their hardship. Needs in the family includes needing to unbalance the uneven power distribution, clarifying the role confusion and boundaries, and eliminating negative coalitions between members against other members of the family. Families also need to work on better ways to handle conflicts within the family that were pointed out through enactments and spontaneous behavior sequences. The responsibility of enacting this policyShow MoreRelatedReflection on Family619 Words   |  3 PagesFamily Reflection †No one is ever born into Life alone. Everyone has shared the bond of family, at least at birth, and for many people it is a bond that will follow them throughout life. For many people it is the most important bond of all.† Family means many things to different people, yet the word itself can bring about a host of emotions from anyone who hears the word uttered. As a child growing up in the 60s and 70s the family dynamic was defined by the people we grew up with wereRead MoreFamily Reflection1049 Words   |  5 Pages In this course, I learned about strategies and models that help build a healthy family. My favorite thing about this class is learning how to care for others the right way and how to have successful relationships. Everyone’s family structure is different. Some people come from nuclear families and some might come from blended. It was interesting to learn that no matter what type of household a person came from, there was going to be similar challenges and issues. I did not know much about the problemsRead MoreFamily Reflection Paper On Family1647 Words   |  7 Pages Essay on Family Reflection Paper In life we have four attachment styles which are secure, ambivalent, avoidant and disorganize attachment. As a child we might start forming up a secure attachment with our caregivers, parents, grandparents or our faster parents. That’s when we feel safe and know that our parents are there to watch over us. A secure attachment could also be when we start going to school and we know our parents will pick us up after school. Ambivalent attachment is whenRead MoreFamily Reflection798 Words   |  4 PagesThis course has opened my eyes to some things I would not have considered when working with families in an early childhood setting. Living in a rural community, that is not very big, you don’t realize how much diversity you deal with on a regular basis, as well as, what it entails for a larger population. You learn in other early childhood courses and even on the job that you need to have some form of communication, but it’s not always emphasized to inc lude their individuality. I was able to seeRead MoreReflection On The Family Crucible828 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Reflection on The Family Crucible In the book The Family Crucible it gave detailed insight into the effort and knowledge necessary to assess and assist a family unit to bring homeostasis back into their lives. From the beginning to the end this book thoroughly covers the story of a family who believes their problems stems from one individual and come to find out there are other underlying issues that play into the initial reason for setting their first family therapy appointment. WhileRead MoreReflection : Substance And Family1410 Words   |  6 PagesReflection: Substance and Family Tracy Collins Wilmington University In physical science, the term substance simply refers to a pure form of matter that contains molecules, where a combination of different molecules forms a mixture. In the context of this paper, the term substance relates to drugs and alcohol, which, when misused, bring about undesirable consequences. Drugs can be of varied categories. Addictive drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroine are usually harmful to one’sRead MoreFamily Reflection Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesabout on holding a family together and what makes a family a whole. Hunting topic in my thoughts where is an informal topic because of what it entails. The topic was something that I like to do and take part in. In the paper I chose to write that I am against that it wasn’t cruel in anyway. That way back over hundreds of years that everyone had to hunt to survive and eat. At times many hunters got together to hunt and disperse the food evenly between each household or family. The opposing sideRead MoreFamily Reflection Paper915 Words   |  4 Pagesand your family arent exactly what you expected out of them or yourself. Being 12 years old and questioning your entire identity of values, choices, appearances, beliefs and friends and family is a stage in life I didnt quite take note of until the recent year to occur. My mother was getting married. In the picture above we look like a happy family bursting with happiness. Changing from neighborhood to neighborhood from city to city didnt quite help the odd circumstances but my family has alwaysRead MoreFamily Reflection Paper1035 Words   |  5 Pages I will be observing my Family members (Brother, Dad, Mom). A symbol we commonly use in our family is a Cross. There are many Crosses hung up around our household that represents our love for God and Church. It is a very important and symbolizing piece in our household that we hold very dear. My family believes in Christianity and the importance of God. M y Parents also believe republicans are reasonable people and that you should earn what you work for. My parents value discipline and good moralsRead MoreFamily Reflection Paper1198 Words   |  5 PagesFamily is the reason I am here today. Without my mother Nailah and father Stacey, there would not be a Sekayi Rudolph. My grandparents come before them, from both sides. My family I would consider, is middle class. Within the stratification system, like I stated before were ranked in the middle of the hierarchy. The stratification system is one which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. We are not the richest, but we are not suffering from poverty. Personally, I would say I am in a

Thermal Power Plants For Electricity Education Essay Free Essays

string(125) " 2 twelvemonth Primary Teacher Colleges \( PTC \) 3 \) Department Training Colleges \( DTCs \) 4 \) Upper secondary schools\." Along with other parts of this state economic system, the crude oil industry was privatized and liberalized in the 1990s which resulted in a crisp encouragement in monetary values and investing. Several oil companies are prospecting in or near this state Western Rift Valley where surface oil seeps have occurred. In June 2006 finds at three Fieldss were announced which have combined militias of 100-300 million barrels. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Power Plants For Electricity Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This important discovery, but compared to the known militias of Nigeria ( 35 billion barrels ) and Angola ( 5 billion barrels ) . 30 million barrels are deemed ready for extraction is started from 2009/10, which would ensue in an estimated 12,000+ barrels a twenty-four hours. While this is comparable to this state national ingestion, there is non available all the oil-based merchandises that Uganda needs. So, the state is project to export some oil merchandises while go oning to import others. The refinery edifice is provide some national capacity to treat the extracted oil is besides under manner. Solar This state, In 2002 governmental Energy Policy notes the state ‘s favourable state of affairs sing solar energy: This state is endowed with plentifulness of sunlight giving solar radiation of about 4-5 kWh/m2/day. This type of sunstroke is rather favourable for all solar engineering applications. Solar energy applications in this state include solar photovoltaic ( PV ) , H2O warming, chilling and harvest drying. PV systems are by and large required for applications where nice power demands exist chiefly in countries that are non served by the grid. They provide power for lighting, telecommunications, vaccinum and blood infrigidation, and for playing wireless and telecasting in such countries. This engineering has besides proven to be really successful in supplying energy services to really unaccessible countries such as on islands and cragged countries where the national grid can non be expected to widen its services in the foreseeable hereafter. Government is execution a solar PV pilot undertaking through a funding mechanism that makes it possible for both PV consumers and sellers to obtain recognition from Bankss for solar rural electrification now. The solar H2O application warming is still really limited. In this state Electricity Regulatory Authority reported in 2008 that, â€Å" the Ugandan authorities is advancing solar photo-voltaic systems in places and solar H2O warming in both places and commercial endeavors in order to decrees on the eventide extremum burden demand for grid electricity. A proposed 50MW solar- thermal undertaking is under survey at Namugoga, Wakiso District. † Despite these recent attempts, solar remains a really minor portion of this state existent energy balance. Education This state made a big spring progress in instruction in 1997, when the authorities published its Universal Primary Education strategy with the end of doing instruction free for everyone. As 1000s more kids started school, there was existent sense of hope that at last everyone would hold a opportunity to take on in larning in a structured manner. They think that literacy would be available to everyone, but the challenges to a wholly free instruction in this state are many and there are still fees associated with instruction It must be borne by the households. The state of affairs of those who had non had a opportunity to acquire clasp of literacy was even starker. In 1997 they added up to 37 % of this state population, about seven million grownups and kids. Female illiteracy stands at 49 % . It is higher in war affected parts such as Northern Uganda. This is what LABE works to alter – to see a literate environment develop in which everyone participates, to enable people to take charge of their ain acquisition and development.To see parents promoting kids in the instruction. But the narrative of LABE did non get down in 1997. Before now in 1989 a group of people at Makerere University launched a voluntary strategy to advance literacy. In 1995 this had evolved into a registered national non – governmental organisation ( NGO ) working in partnership with national, local and international NGOs, authorities sections and local communities. However, LABE does non run literacy programme or learning literacy categories. It offers a facilitate function, it trains groups and squads of community based pedagogues to get down and pull off categories in the community. LABE develops technic and stuffs for acquisition and instruction. Through a national web of like-minded NGOs, LABE advocates for literacy and seeks to power of authorities policy. In 2002 LABE received international acknowledgment by winning the Noma award, one of the UNESCO International Literacy Prizes, for outstanding work in literacy. The system of instruction in this state has a construction of: 1 ) 7 old ages of primary instruction. 2 ) 6 old ages of secondary instruction ( divided into 4 old ages of lower secondary. 3 ) 2 old ages of upper secondary school ) . 4 ) 3 to 5 old ages of post-secondary instruction. The present system has existed since the early sixtiess. Primary instruction In 1999 there were 6 million childrens having primary instruction, as compared to merely 2 million in 1986. Numbers received a addition in 1997 when free primary instruction was made available for four kids per household. Merely some of primary school alumnuss go on to take any signifier of secondary instruction. This is dependent upon them go throughing their Primary Leaving Examinations ( PLE ) . Secondary instruction Lower secondary consists of 4 old ages of schooling in the terminal of which pupils Ordinary-level tests ( O-level ) in at least 8 topics. Upper secondary consists of 2 old ages of schooling in the terminal of which pupils sit Advanced-level tests ( A-level ) in at least 3 topics. The set of classs for lower secondary is presently being reviewed by the National Curriculum Development Center, and a new set of classs is expected to be rolled out in 2014 or 2015. Three-year proficient schools provide an option to take down secondary school. Options for alumnuss from lower secondary school addes: 1 ) 2-3 twelvemonth Technical institutes ; 2 ) 2 twelvemonth Primary Teacher Colleges ( PTC ) 3 ) Department Training Colleges ( DTCs ) 4 ) Upper secondary schools. You read "Thermal Power Plants For Electricity Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Post-secondary instruction Although 60,000-70,000 pupils per twelvemonth leave school qualified to travel on to higher instruction, Some of them 35 % ( at most 25,000 ) are able to happen topographic points at the limited figure of establishments. The mass of these go to universities both Public and private. Specifically, Makerere University in Kampala ( MUK ) accepts 95 % of the entire pupil population in this state universities. Rest of all is distributed among the 20 and private universities and a smaller figure of non University establishments. The accepted Universities in this state include: Government Universities Makerere University ( MUK ) Mbarara University of Science A ; Technology ( MUST ) Kyambogo University ( KYU ) Gulu University ( GU ) Busitema University ( BSU ) Religious-Affiliated Universities All Saints University ( ASU ) Ankole Western University ( AWU ) Bugema University ( BU ) Busoga University ( BGU ) Islamic University in Uganda ( IUIU ) Kumi University ( KUMU ) LivingStone International UniversityLink Ndejje Christian University ( NDU ) Uganda Christian University ( UCU ) Uganda Martyrs University ( UMU ) Uganda Pentecostal University ( UPU ) Private Secular Universities Fairland University ( FLU ) Kabale University ( KABU ) Kampala University ( KU ) Kampala International University ( KIU ) Lugazi University ( LZU ) Muteesa I Royal University ( MRU ) Mountains of the Moon University ( MMU ) Nkumba University ( NU ) St. Lawrence University ( SLAU ) African Bible University ( ABU ) International Health Sciences University ( IHSU ) Public Technical Colleges Uganda Technical College – Lira ( UTC Lira ) Uganda Technical College – Ombaci ( UTC Ombaci ) Uganda Technical College – Elgon ( UTC Elgon ) Private Technical Colleges City polytechnic Institute – Kampala ( CPI ) Northern Uganda Education is of import for a successful post-conflict alteration in Northern Uganda ( see Conflict in Northern Uganda ) , as it helps spread out peoples ‘ abilities to interrupt free of circles of aggression and agony. In this state Universal Primary Education ( UPE ) has resulted in high registration rates in Northern Uganda, but instruction tends to be of a low quality and few kids really complete primary school. There are deficient installations ; For e.g. out of 238 primary schools in Pader, 47 are still under trees, limited teacher adjustment is doing high rates of instructor absenteeism and in some countries the mean primary school instructor to student ratio is 1:200. , There is some cogent evidence to propose completion of secondary school is necessary to supply an person with a proper opportunity to get away poorness, as employment and income degrees for those who completed primary schools. And besides for those who did non go to at all. There part has peculiar trouble s as instructors are difficult to happen, the struggle shaped a lost coevals without an sufficient instruction themselves and instructors from other countries are still extremely concerned about security in the part. Particular attending to instruction in the part is necessary to guarantee the delicate peace does non acquire worse into full graduated table struggle one time more. This state has a population of about 28 million people. Of that figure, approximately 15 million are under the age of 18. The mean life anticipation is 47 old ages. Lending causes of decease are malaria and HIV/AIDS. One in every 12 kids has been orphaned due to the AIDS epidemic. 6.7 % of the population are populating with the HIV/ AIDS virus. 44 % brand less than $ 1 / twenty-four hours 78 % are peasant husbandmans. 77 % unrecorded on soil floors. 49 % rely in word of oral cavity for their information. School Improvement Plan: Several of us at Educate Uganda have visited schools in the Nkokonjeru country and have seen the creaky school edifices, deficient schoolroom infinite, unhygienic latrines, and the terrible demand for educational stuffs. At Educate in this state they understand that merely paying for the kids to go to school is non sufficient. There are 21 schools which have orphans taking portion in the plan ( see Sponsorship Program ) . They have presently analysing each school to find their specific demands. These demands include the most basic aims as like school edifices, learning stuffs, latrines, desks, blackboards, better H2O beginnings and other things to do these schools a healthy and safe acquisition environment. At now, we are constructing extra schoolrooms and latrines for a jungle school in Nnyermawa called St. Gyaviira. This school presently has two schoolrooms which educate kids through the 4th class. In add-on schoolrooms they will be able to educate pupils through the 7th class. with no the extra schoolrooms, kids have to walk several stat mis through the jungle to go on their surveies at a different school or merely halt their instruction after the 4th class. ( 1 ) Mother Tongue Education undertaking in Northern Uganda ( 2 ) Direction in Mother Tongue-The Language of Opportunity: ( 3 ) Increasing Access to Education Prospects for Children, their Teacher and Parents ( 4 ) In the rural countries, the medium of direction from P1 to P4 will be the relevant local linguistic communications ; and from P5 toP8 English will be the medium of direction. The pertinent country linguistic communication will besides be teach as a topic in primary school. This apply to both rural and urban countries. ( Beginning: Government of this state White paper on Education, 1992 pp. ) The 2000 World Education Forum recognized struggle as an obstructor to the accomplishment of Education For All. Prolonged clang in Northern Uganda has undermined and disrupted instruction through annihilation of substructure, supplanting of school communities, kid abductions, and demoralisation of instructors. This undertaking includes mother tongue instruction as a redress for the current low primary school registration, really short keeping and hapless larning result. in malice of traditional accent in Africa on direction in European linguistic communication, larning in initial old ages in female parent lingua is known to advantage the engagement and public presentation of kids and to hike parental engagement. Broad activities aˆ? Train instructors to utilize local linguistic communications successfully in the schoolroom aˆ? Support authors to make educational stuffs in local linguistic communications aˆ? recover kids ‘s literacy and life chances aˆ? power wider pattern and policy Purposes and expected results This undertaking seeks to work with 240 school communities in Northern Uganda to hike meaningful entree to primary instruction for marginalized kids through the development and aid of female parent lingua instruction. This will keep up the authorities to use its adopted female parent lingua policy. It is every bit long as a feasible theoretical account, integrating preparation, resource growing and support which it can so implement and upscale in other countries. This overall program will lend to the realisation of the Millennium Development Goal of Universal Primary Education and gender par in six clang level territories of Northern Uganda. Better instruction will ease poorness through its part to the accretion of human capital, which is necessary for more incomes and uninterrupted economic growing. Undertaking activities duplicate the undermentioned schemes as like developing instructors, broadening the literate environment from side to side proviso of local linguistic communicatio n stuffs, hiking parental and household engagement in misss ‘ schooling, intensification local authorities ability to decently supply a quality instruction for marginalized kids. It will be shared easy in print with a big group of people through communicating in original linguistic communications. This will let non-literate hapless people, particularly adult females and misss, to hike watchfulness about the right to educational entree and usage available print information in female parent lingua on their ain. By leting misss and parents, with a focal point on female parents in peculiar, to document their experiences in the female parent lingua. The undertaking will acquire better their entree to instruction and increase consciousness in the wider community of the significance of misss ‘ instruction. Scope of this plan The undertaking covers 6 territories of Gulu, Amuru, Arua, Koboko, Yumbe and Adjumani territory. The undertaking includes 40 UPE schools in each of the territory. Learn to populate The undertaking aims at bettering parents ‘ literacy accomplishments and ability to take part to the full in the instruction of their kids. It adapts the household larning attack where parents are mobilized to larn jointly with their kids both at school and at place. Mothers are specifically targeted ( in order to turn to the gender spread ) during grownup literacy categories and besides mobilizes them to take part in kids – parent articulation larning Sessionss in schools. The adult females particularly female parents are provided with local linguistic communication reading stuffs to utilize at place to better joint larning with their kids. Mother Tongue Educational stuffs turn toing different faculties ensuing from the national thematic course of study – specifically turn toing HIV/Aids content and showing misss and male childs positively are produced and used in categories and places to diminish the kid book ratio to a national coveted ratio of 1:6. LABE works with adult females force per unit area groups to asseverate force per unit area on the parents, community and local authorities to ordain bye Torahs to guarantee that kids – particularly girl children- enroll, stay and complete schools. It implements in the two territories of Gulu and Amuru both in northern Uganda. Family Sexuality Education Project The undertaking ‘s overall purpose is to hike kids ‘s educational public presentation, keeping and completion particularly among the misss, during increased parents and instructors active engagement in their sexual generative wellness and rights instruction. The one twelvemonth Oxfam Novib support pilot that was implemented in 4 schools – communities of Yumbe and Koboko territories specifically aimed at ; Bettering the capacity of parents to positively pass on with their kids Sex and Reproductive Health issues Equiping parents with information and accomplishments to recommend for SRHR and rights of kids Bettering the capacity of female and male senior instructors to advocate kids with societal challenges at school Awareness On Children ‘s ( Especially Girls ‘ ) Right To Education Campaign It is a 1 twelvemonth pilot undertaking implemented in 10 schools -communities of Arua territory with fiscal support from KIOS. It is of import end to make consciousness on the kids ‘s right to instruction ; supply the responsibility carriers to carry through their responsibility and the rights holders to demand for their rights. This undertaking works to do certain that 900 parents ( 65 % adult females ) 40 instructors and 10 school communities are cognizant of the aggression committed against Children particularly misss, at school, place and the community. These communities are supported to promote the Children ‘s ( particularly the girl-child ) right to education through the growing of Education regulations, wireless runs, preparations and sensitisations and adult females force group local response to VAC enterprise. The undertaking besides include engages local school policy shapers such as School Management Committees from the point out schools in one Sub County to increase consciousness on the kids ‘s right for the better acquisition environment both at school and at place. The undertaking is work in partnership with increasing Voices – utilizing the VAC stuffs to strongly recommend following to VAC both within and without the school environment Undertaking activities aim is to supplying information to recommend for kids ‘s right to instruction and a good acquisition environment, sensitisation on kids ‘s rights to instruction and a good acquisition environment and duties of instruction responsibility carriers ( caput instructors, School Management Committees, instructors, instruction officers every bit good as parents ) Learning For Life ( Labe – Wch – Echo Bravo ) It is bettering educational public presentation among kids, retain accomplishments, and facilitate kids and misss to remain put in school. To use these wide ends, LABE partnered with War Child Holland and Echo Bravo to implement three interconnected sub-projects. LABE is implementing family-based instruction programming to retrieve school public presentation and keeping rates by the preparation parent pedagogues and instructors in household larning techniques and pedagogical instruction methods, every bit good as mobilising parents for grownup literacy categories and to keep up kids ‘s educational activities. In this struggle Child offers psychological clasp up to youth, while Echo Bravo has apply catch-up instruction and accomplishments developing classs to back up community members who can non restart formal primary instruction. Learning for Life is being applied in 25 schools indoors five sub-counties of: Bobi, Paicho in Gulu and Koch Goma, Alero, Lamogi in Amuru territories with support from Oxfam Novib Courses, Semesters, A ; Diplomas: It ‘s takes three old ages to go a unmarried mans degree at any East African university, Makerere University and Mbarara University are no opportunities. Degrees in medical specialty and veterinary scientific discipline take five old ages to finish, and technology demands four old ages to finish. Academic old ages begin October 1 and stop on June 30, or August 30 for four term classs. In the first twelvemonth of survey each pupil must take and go through three topics before being permission to progress to their 2nd twelvemonth of coursework. Lectures, treatments, and research labs are supplemented with tutorials and library surveies, research, and practical preparation. Undergraduate pupils have installations for relaxation, athleticss installations, chaplainships, wellness attention, and chances to take part in student authorities and societal nines. First grades are gettable in Fieldss such as medical specialty, jurisprudence, dental medicine, veterinary scientific discipline , agribusiness, technology, commercialism, statistics, societal work, forestry, doctrine, political scientific discipline, anthropology, sociology, geographics, literature, public disposal, economic sciences, music, dance, play, all right art, natural philosophies, chemical science, biological science, fauna, environmental surveies, mathematics, and computing machine scientific discipline, every bit good as linguistic communications ( English, French, German, Russian, Swahili, Luganda, and Lingala ) . Students can acquire either a grade, such as a unmarried man ‘s grade, maestro ‘s grade, or Ph.D. , or a sheepskin or certification. Certificate classs are including grownup instruction and library scientific discipline. It takes one twelvemonth to finish. Biennial sheepskin classs are supplying in library scientific discipline, music, dance, and play. The Islamic University suggest unmarried man ‘s grades in Islamic surveies, instruction, and medical specialty. Mbarara University of Science and Technology awards grades in development surveies, instruction, medical specialty, and applied scientific discipline. The Institute of Teacher Education at Kyambogo awards sheepskin in instruction to instructors who complete a biennial class. In this state so many institutes are award either certifications or sheepskin depending upon the continuance of coursework. Postgraduate A ; Professional Training: Most maestro ‘s degree campaigners must run into residence necessities, take required classs, and compose a maestro ‘s these is based upon original research. Doctoral degree plans are besides have residence and less coursework demands, every bit good as a paper based upon original research. Students must fulfill their internal reappraisal commissions and external testers that they have mastered their topic. The M.D. and/or Ch.M. grade is awarded after finishing one twelvemonth of survey in front of the unmarried man ‘s of scientific discipline grade, and the doctor’s degree of literature ( D. Lit. ) and D.Sc. are awarded after publication of work. For this state fees for tuition, research, and adjustments are free. Foreign pupils are required to pay one-year tuition and fees, and besides pay for research and thesis, every bit good as adjustment costs individually Food engineering On this favourable juncture, the School of Food Technology, Nutrition A ; Bioengineering, College of Agricultural A ; Environmental Sciences, Makerere University salutations and congratulates King Harald, Queen Sonja, Her Excellency the Ambassador and the whole people of Norway on taging their Constitutional Day. The School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering is conceited to be associated with the Royal Government of Norway and the Norse Universities and growing bureaus. We take this chance to explicate their gratitude to NORAD, NUFU, The Norse University of Life Sciences and the full Norse people for their continued aid and favour in developing our research, preparation and out range capacity. Giving up of the School to national human resource requires that the school has trained over 2000 alumnuss at BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in assorted Fieldss of Food Technology. Human Nutrition and Bioengineering. Their alumnuss continue to do positive parts in the nutrient industry, agricultural mechanisation, agro-processing and public bureaus are employed, some of their successful enterprisers. The School is repackaging their preparation plans through beef uping and betterment of the practical, internship and entrepreneurship constituents to do their alumnuss for the challenges in their turning nutrient sub-sector. The suggest preparation plans In this include: For the Undergraduate: B.Sc. Food Science and Technology B.Sc. Human Nutrition and Dieteticss B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering For the Alumnus: MSc. Applied Human Nutrition, MSc. Food Science and Technology PhD. Program in several countries of Food Science, Human Nutrition A ; Bioengineering Short classs: The School under their Skills Training Program for Small A ; Medium Enterprises ( STRAP 4 SMEs ) runs specific short preparation classs in the country of nutrient processing, nutrition and irrigation that are custom made to run into the client ‘s demands. At that type of plan benefits young person enterprisers, future enterprisers, school departers, pupils on holiday, university alumnuss, and extra room workers. The preparation under STRAP 4 SMEs plan is conducted at both the University ‘s chief campus and clients ‘ site in English though local slangs may be second-hand where necessary. This plan has so distant trained over 130 participants in assorted nutrient processing engineerings. With support from Nordic states and Government of this state, the school continues to do growing in the country of research for development. In surplus of 15 nutrient processing engineering bundles have been built-up and are ready for uptake by industry. Research for development activities have besides contributed to capacity edifice for the School through: Staff preparation at PhD and MSc and changeless research Lab and processing substructure growing Constructing partnerships for engineering transportation and growing The capacity of edifice and growing has constant to beef up the School ‘s preparation, research and outreach plans. Government-University-Private Sector Partnership in engineering move A ; enterprise growing. In 2009 the Government bigger support to the School through commissioning the Food Technology and Business Incubation Center ( FTBIC ) . The centre is a partnership between Government of this state, Makerere University and the private sector aimed at engineering exchange and advancing entrepreneurship in the nutrient sub-sector by supplying right of entry to processing installations and proficient clasp to foster immature enterprisers and endeavors. To this coating, the Government of this state supported the FTBIC with a UShs 4.5 billion grant to spread out the centre into a state-of-the-art capableness to excite and spread out feasible and competitory nutrient processing endeavors in the state. The centre focuses on alumnus young person by agencies of entrepreneurial pot ency. Infrastructure Uganda has made considerable development on its substructure docket in recent old ages. The early and winning ICT reform detonated a huge enlargement in nomadic coverage and incursion ensuing in a really much competitory market. Power sector restructuring has paved the manner for a rapid doubling of power production capacity. This state is making all right on the H2O and hygiene MDGs, and has made successful usage of public presentation catching to better public-service corporation public presentation. Though, a figure of important challenges remain. in malice of reforms, the power sector continues to shed blood resources due to under-pricing and high distribution losingss, while electrification rates are still really minimal. every bit long as equal resources for route care remains a face, and farther investing is needed to raise rural connectivity and retrieve route safety. In this state substructure challenges will necessitate sustained outgo of around $ 1.4 billion per twelvemont h over the following decennary, strongly skewed towards capital outgo. In this state already spends about $ 1 billion per twelvemonth on substructure, equal to about 11 per centum of GDP. A farther $ 0.3 billion a twelvemonth is lost to inefficiencies, the mass of which are associated with underbracing and allotment losingss in the power sector. In this state the one-year substructure funding spread is about $ 0.4 billion per twelvemonth, most of which is linked with irrigation and besides H2O and sanitation substructure This state sees infrastructure spend buoying growing * Sets to the side $ 85.52 million to construct 700 MW dike * Aims to pare rising prices to individual figures in 2012/2013 KAMPALA, April 26 ( Reuters ) – This state rate of economic growing is predictable to increase somewhat during the following financial twelvemonth as the state ramps up investings in transit substructure, energy and instruction, the finance ministry said on Thursday. How to cite Thermal Power Plants For Electricity Education Essay, Essay examples

Review of Qualitative Research Design

Question: Discuss about theReview of Qualitative Research Design. Answer: Introduction: Qualitative research can be defined as an unstructured exploratory research method. The techniques used by Qualitative research methods are by doing group interviews with focus group, one on one interviews where the respondent is further probed to give more details and asking the respondent to respond to the stimulus. The stimulus can be a word, a cue or an image (Collis and Hussey 2013). Body The process of data collection for Qualitative research involves either through observation or through interviews. Observation The process of observation can be participant observation and structured observation. While participant observation is a process of qualitative research design, structured observation is a process of quantitative research design. The purpose of participant observation is to observe a group, congregation from as close as possible. It also involves getting involved in their activities. The participation of the observation may be either overt or covert. During the process of overt observation, the interviewer reveals his / her identity and states the purpose of being involved in the community. The observers purpose of doing the research is also revealed. In the covert observation process the identity and purpose of the researcher is kept secret. The participant observer can be complete participant only if he is a covert participant. In his role as a covert person, he can be more completely involved with the group. When the researcher plays the role of complete observer then also it is better as the researcher hides his identity. The researcher as a complete observer may observe a focus group and then frame the research questions. When the researcher observes a focus group then it is a part of exploratory research. When the researcher works either as observer-as-participant and participant-as-observer the identity of the researcher is revealed. The researcher may be involved in an organization and play both the roles of an observer and participant. The process of collection of data includes accounts of eyewitness or contemporary reports. In this process the larger the sample size the better is the research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2012). Interviews In this process, the researcher has to build a rapport with the people whose interview the researcher has to take. A good rapport should be built so that unambiguous questions can be asked and answers received. The researcher can conduct the interview by taking the help of semi-structured or in-depth or may use group interviews. In the semi-structured interview, the researcher has some themes and based on these themes he frames certain questions. Additional questions may be formed during the interview, which are based on the theme. The purpose of conducting an in-depth is to get a detailed information of the participant or focus group. The researcher in an in-depth interview is not bound by a theme. The themes may be added during the process of interview. In a focus group interview, a group of people are interviewed about their perception or attitudes towards the topic (Jacob and Furgerson 2012). In the observation process, the research process is very lengthy and time consuming. The role of the researcher is very demanding in that the researcher may be emotionally involved in the research process (Corbin and Strauss 2014). In this process all, the data collected in equally important. The limitations of qualitative research methodology are: The amount of data generated is very large and its interpretation is time consuming. The interpretation of the data is difficult to characterize. The quality of the research depends on the skill of the interviewer and can easily be biased by the personal opinion of the interviewer. The response of the interviewee can be influenced by the interviewers opinions (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Conclusion The process of collecting data by the qualitative methods is more expensive as well as time consuming. Qualitative analysis provides data that can be related to the real world. The interviewer through the process of interview collects real situation data for analysis and interpretation. The researcher may overcome the limitations of interview process by gaining an in-depth knowledge about the subject / topic. The researcher should be adept at opening a topic and probing the topic to gain insights. The researcher should be an attentive listener. The behaviour of the researcher also influences the interview process. The researcher should also be able to deal with difficult interviewees. Last but not the least the interviewer should be able to draw conclusions about the interview and close the interview (Edwards and Holland 2013). References Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2013). Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students 4th Ed. London: Palgrave-MacMillan Corbin, J. and Strauss, A. (2014).Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications. Edwards, R. and Holland, J. (2013). What is qualitative interviewing?. AC Black Jacob, S.A. and Furgerson, S.P., 2012. Writing interview protocols and conducting interviews: Tips for students new to the field of qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 17(42), pp.1-10. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. 6th Ed. Pearson Learning Solutions Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Warburtons Location Essay Example

Warburtons Location Essay Warburtons is a private limited company. The Warburtons family owns all the shares of the Warburtons Company. The warburtons shares cannot be sold in the stock exchange or advertised for sale publicly through newspapers. If shares need to be sold they need to be sold privately with the agreement of all of the other shareholders but first they would have had to be offered to the other shareholders. Private limited companies have a limit to their liability. Waarburtons being private limited means that they have a limit to there responsibility for the debts of the business. If the business does go in to debt they only risk losing the money, which they have put into and invested in the company. They will not lose their personal possessions like in other ownerships. The Warburtons liability is limited because it is a private limited company. This means that nobody is liable for the debts if it went into insolvency the company owners would only lose the money that it put into the business. They wouldnt lose their possession in which they own. This is because they have limited liability and are incorporated. But Warburtons do have public liability insurance in case anything bad does happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Warburtons Location specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Warburtons chosen being a limited company because it works best for them. It is the most convenient method of ownership for them. This is because of the liability. If Warburton lose everything they wouldnt become bankrupt they would be come insolvent. They would only become insolvent if they didnt pay their bills or cant sell anymore. Only Private limited companies and Public limited companies can claim insolvency. This is because they both have limited liability and are only liable for the debts of the company to the value of their share holdings in the Warburtons Company. If the warburtons company was a partnership it would have unlimited liability and could become bankrupt if it doesnt pay its bills. If one of the Warburtons family died or became bankrupt the partnership would have to be dissolved. So warburtons being private limited works out best because it is safer for the owners. If warburtons wasnt a private limited company I think that being a Public Limited Company would work. I think that being a Public Limited Company would work out for them. This is because the Warburtons Company would still have their limited liability. If they have limited liability they can claim insolvency. If warburtons became a public limited company the Warburtons family would own it anymore though. It would be owned by the general public and shareholders so it would be a family baker anymore. Being owned by a partnership would work out well because they are a family and all could be joint owners of the company, but they would no longer have limited liability they would have unlimited liability and if they couldnt pay there bills they would become bankrupt, and could lose everything they own. The best ownership for Warburtons is what they currently have. That is being a private limited company because it suits all of there required needs. War burtons location is mainly in the center of England. It has a one bakery and depot in Scotland and has one depot in Wales apart from that it has no other bakeries in Wales and Scotland. So from that you can expect them not to trade in Scotland or Wales. Also Warburtons have no bakeries or depots in the south or east of England so they dont sell there. But Warburtons are in the process of building a new bakery in the London area. Here is a map showing the locations of the bakeries and depots also showing the areas in which Warburtons trade in: The locations for all of the bakeries are good. They are built by good transport links so it can deliver to most of the U. K. mainland. From how many bakeries and depots Warburtons own they are still able to sell and serve more than 60% of the U. K. mainland. Being in the location that they are in helps it serve the U. K. When the plant in Enfield is finished it will open them up to sell products in the south east of England something, which they havent done before. But for Warburtons to fill in its main goal which is to be Britain favorite baker it is bakeries and depots in the south, the east, required for them to open up more Scotland and Wales area until it does this it will not be Britain favorite baker and it will not complete there mission statement. The locations of the Warburton bakers help the company and doesnt hinder them. Warburtons Structure The Warburtons business consists of many different departments in order for it to be successful. All of these are linked together and require each other to work and make Warburtons a successful company. Here are the main departments, which make Warburtons what it is today: Marketing- accesses the market place and develops the customers needs and requirements. Also to promote new products. These are in charge of the adverts, which we see on the television. Product Development- This department is in charge and involved in developing and improving there products which they sell, whether it aims to improve ingredients of an existing product or create a new one. Van Sale Driver- This involves delivering orders from the factory where the product is baked to the supermarket shelves and independent stores like cash and carries. This is the crucial part of the working team. If it fails the company will lose their money and a load of bread will go to waste. Sales Development- This team involves selling there products to the supermarket e. g. ) ASDA, Safeway, Tesco etc, and making sure that they close the deal. Also they have to make sure that the bread is on the supermarket shelves on time. This again is a crucial job because they are the ones who sell the bread. Customer Service- This involves dealing with their customers on a daily basis. This could involve answering telephone calls, which is the most common one, replying to letters or emails. These dont just deal with complaints from customers the customer care unit also deals with question, queries and of course complaints. Human Resource Officer- This part of the company is involved in dealing with the Warburtons labor work force. The department is involved in interviewing new workers, disciplinary procedures, advisory management, law issues etc. Operations- This department involves sorting out and organizing the operation and distribution. Warburtons has the largest fleet of delivery vehicles in the country. They involve ensuring that there product arrives at the shop on time and in good sellable condition suitable for selling the product.

Tradition and Dissent in Early English Christianity essays

Tradition and Dissent in Early English Christianity essays In what ways has Roman Catholicism been an example of religious tradition in England? When considering ways in which Roman Catholicism has been an example of religious tradition in England we need to first look at how its position as the established church was overturned in the sixteenth century. We then need to consider ways in which Roman Catholicism continued to be seen in the religious life of the country. We need to look at individual examples of its influence to decide whether they are cases of tradition or dissent or a combination of both. At the beginning of the sixteenth century the predominant religion in England was Roman Catholicism. During the course of the century this position was eventually overturned in favor of Protestantism. The changes began under the reign of Henry VIII when Catherine of Aragon failed to produce a male heir to the throne. Henry wished to marry Anne Boleyn but in order to do this he needed to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, forbidden in the Roman Catholic Church. Henry denounced Roman Catholicism and dissolved its monasteries. During Henry's reign Protestantism became the official religion of England although the English church remained traditional in terms of doctrine and religious practice. Henrys son Edward was crowned in 1547 after Henrys death. This soon lead to radical changes in Protestant England. A new Protestant order of service was compiled by Thomas Cramner and imposed in 1549. This was revised and became more Protestant orientated in 1552. During this time Catholic practices were subdued in an effort to eradicate Roman Catholicism. Catholicism was briefly restored under the reign of Edwards half-sister Mary I on his death in 1553. Mary, a devout catholic attempted to restore Roman Catholicism to its former status. This attracted minor opposition from some convinced Protestants including Archbishop Cranmer however the return to Catholic tradit...

Rechazo de solicitud de tarjeta de residencia para EEUU

Rechazo de solicitud de tarjeta de residencia para EEUU Aunque cumplas con los requisitos para solicitar una tarjeta de residencia es posible que la peticià ³n sea denegada. Estas son las causas y quà © se puede hacer. Lee con atencià ³n esta lista de 42 causas que te hacen inadmisible (esa es la palabra que se utiliza tà ©cnicamente) para recibir la tarjeta de residencia. Lo ideal es conocerlas antes de meter los papeles con Inmigracià ³n, y asà ­ ver cules son las posibilidades de obtener la residencia. Pero si ya ests al final de la tramitacià ³n y te dicen que no, debes saber si puedes hacer algo. Y, en ese caso, lo quà ©. Causas de denegacià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia por ser inadmisible Padecer cierto tipo de enfermedades contagiosas o carecer de determinadas vacunas.Sufrir de enfermedades fà ­sicas o mentales de tal modo que puedas causarte daà ±o a ti mismo o a otros.Alcoholismo.Ser un drogadicto o haber sido condenado por violar alguna ley que regula las drogas ilegales, tanto en Estados Unidos o en cualquier otro paà ­s del mundo.  Ser un traficante de droga o participar de cualquier modo en ese tipo de delito.Ser esposo/a y/o hijos de un traficante, si se ha recibido dinero del narco en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os.Haber sido condenado por un delito inmoral. Tener dos o ms delitos con una condena de cinco aà ±os o ms.Haber sido condenado por un delito agravado.Ejercer o haber ejercido la prostitucià ³n o haber solicitado los servicios de una prostituta (o, en su caso, de su versià ³n masculina). Esto aplica por diez aà ±os.Pretender obtener inmunidad para no ser procesado en EEUU por un delito y conseguir asà ­ salir del paà ­s.Haber realizado activi dades que comprometan la seguridad de los Estados Unidos. Haber cometido o haber conspirado para cometer un delito de trfico humano. O ser el esposo/a o hijo/a de tal persona y haberse beneficiado de ese delito en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os.Realizar o haber llevado a cabo labores de espionaje o haber participado en un intento para derrocar al gobierno de los Estados Unidos.Haber realizado cualquier actividad que pueda clasificarse como terrorista.Membresà ­a en un partido totalitario, en el comunista o en el partido nazi.Haber participado en un genocidio.Ser una carga pà ºblica o cuando es probable que se va a ser en el futuro.Haber participado de cualquier forma en lavado de dinero o pretender entrar a EEUU para desarrollar esa actividad delictiva.Ser un mà ©dico o personal de sanidad que carece de la debida cualificacià ³n o certificacià ³n.Estar ya en Estados Unidos y haber entrado al paà ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. Es decir, no hubo un control migratorio en una aduana terrestre, en un puerto o en un aeropuerto y, por lo tanto, ningà ºn oficial de inmigracià ³n admitià ³ o le concedià ³ una parole al extranjero que ahora solicita la green card. No haberse presentado en Corte cuando se tenà ­a una citacià ³n durante un proceso de deportacià ³n.Haber presentado o utilizado un documento de identificacià ³n falso. Asegurar falsamente que se es ciudadano de los Estados Unidos.Llegar a EEUU como polizà ³n  Haber que han violado las condiciones de una visa de estudiante.No tener documentos que son necesarios para obtener la green card.Haber sido penalizado civilmente de acuerdo a las disposiciones del artà ­culo 247C la Ley de Nacionalidad e Inmigracià ³n (INA, siglas en inglà ©s).Cumplir con alguno de los supuestos que hacen a una persona inelegible para poder adquirir la ciudadanà ­a americana, segà ºn los artà ­culos 314 y 315 de la INA.No haber cumplido en tu paà ­s con la obligacià ³n del servicio militar.Haber sido expulsado de Estados Unidos nada ms llegar a las fronteras del paà ­s.Tener o haber   tenido presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos.Cometer una infraccià ³n inmigratoria y despuà ©s continuaron vi viendo en Estados Unidos en una situacià ³n de presencia ilegal. Haber sido deportado Haber sido deportado y despuà ©s de su deportacià ³n han vuelto a cruzar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos, causando asà ­ lo que se conoce como prohibicià ³n permanente. Practicar la poligamia.Secuestro internacional de nià ±os.Haber votado ilegalmente en Estados Unidos.Haber renunciado previamente a la ciudadanà ­a para evitar pagar impuestos.Haber tenido  una visa de intercambio J-1 hasta que pasan dos aà ±os viviendo fuera de EEUU en los casos en los que aplica, que no es siempre.Cuando tu presencia en EEUU puede ser calificada de que serà ­a un perjuicio para el paà ­s.Haber reclutado a nià ±os-soldados o cometido tortura o asesinatos extrajudiciales.Haber atentado gravemente contra la libertad de religià ³n cuando se actuaba como oficial de otro paà ­s. Haber ayudado a indocumentados a entrar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Cà ³mo Estados Unidos sabe que se ha realizado alguna de esas actividades El gobierno de los EEUU obliga a todos los solicitantes de una tarjeta de residencia a someterse a unas pruebas biomà ©tricas, entre ellas, a la de huellas dactilares. Esto permite obtener mucha informacià ³n tanto de actividades realizadas en USA como fuera. Si cualquier agencia del gobierno se da cuenta de que has mentido en relacià ³n a uno de esos asuntos las posibilidades de que en el futuro puedas conseguir algà ºn beneficio migratorio son prcticamente nulas. Quà © hacer si si en tu pasado hay alguna actividad incluida en esa lista Si todavà ­a no se ha iniciado la tramitacià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia, consular con un abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en tu tipo de problema. Y saber de antemano quà © se puede hacer. Si la tarjeta de residencia te ha sido ya denegada, consulta con un abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en este tema para analizar si: Puedes pedir un perdà ³n (waiver). Estos son los requisitos y los trmites para solicitar el perdà ³n.  Adems, los familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos que estn en Estados Unidos y cuyo à ºnico problema es estar ilegalmente en el paà ­s y no pueden ajustar su estatus podrà ­an en algunos casos calificar para el perdà ³n provisional I-601A. Si hace muchos aà ±os (2001 o antes) se tuvo una peticià ³n aprobada a favor de un inmigrante, estudiar si se cumplen los requisitos para beneficiarse de la proteccià ³n 245(i). Si la prohibicià ³n para obtener la tarjeta de residencia por la causa que te afecta expira tras el paso de un nà ºmero determinado de aà ±os, ya pasaron y ya no habrà ­a ese problema.Si te afecta lo que se conoce como una prohibicià ³n permanente (permanent bar). Es muy difà ­cil de conseguir un beneficio, pero no imposible. Dependiendo de la causa de la prohibicià ³n y del tipo de visa que se desea solicitar es posible solicitar el perdà ³n en cualquier m omento o puede que sea necesario esperar como mà ­nimo  10 aà ±os fuera de Estados Unidos. O si simplemente no hay nada que hacer. Consejos para probar conocimientos En asuntos de inmigracià ³n, cuando ms sepas, mejor. Toma este test de respuestas mà ºltiples  para verificar que tienes los conocimientos bsicos para obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia.   Es un proceso largo y costoso. Cuando menos errores se cometan, mejor. Y este test te ayuda a mejorar tus conocimientos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. no es asesorà ­a legal.

Organizational Behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example Secondly Turner found that the activities of the concern lacked due organizing elements which made the organization suffer from financial and strategic crisis. Thirdly the President felt reluctant to enhance the communication activities amongst the people working in the management groups thereby restricting teamwork and sharing of resources. Fourthly owing to lack of proper communication the President failed to learn the right potential of his managerial team which thereby rendered in reducing motivation and productivity. Fifthly, Cardullo reflected a sense of adamant and destructive attitude in his dealings with subordinate team members. In addition to being rough with people, Cardullo declined to understand the potential of the advices and suggestions rend from the subordinates thus reflecting a total disregard to such. Sixthly, Cardullo owing to his shortsightedness declined to understand the advantages that the firm would receive in incorporating the new strategies produced by Tu rner but continued focusing only on the outcomes-dropping margins and financial health. Thus the President of Modern Lighting Incorporation reflected a continuing sense of being reluctant to the problems and issues faced in by the people both at the managerial and subordinate level. The President hooked on to his own ideas only and disregarded any form of communication in regards to formulating strategic decisions in regards to gaining on in margins and markets. Ineffective organization and decision making activities coupled with lack of communication and teamwork worked to enhance the failure of the corporation in regards to falling margins. Behaviors and Activities of Individuals Illustrating an Impact on the Issues An effective leader requires effective communication with the people employed in the different levels of the concern pertaining to managerial and subordinating ranks to gain potential feedbacks and suggestions. Such level of interaction would help the manager gain pote ntial information to formulate strategic decisions (Singla, 2010, p.453-454). In regards to the case Pat Cardullo is found to avoid having any form of potential communication with managerial members like Jamie Turner and other subordinate members like Tim Kelly and Ernie Dennis. Lack of proper communication thereby tends to create a rift between the people employed in different levels thereby jeopardizing productivity and motivation. Further Pat Cardullo focused on independent working rather than working based on rationalistic argumentation between people working in parallel positions or between managers and subordinates. Working based on rationalistic arguments tends to increase productivity rather than working in an independent fashion (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2008, p.359). Again Pat Cardullo is found to work on setting a managerial objective of gaining on in margins without rendering possible insights to his team about the process in accomplishing such. He is also observed to be in flexible to the ideas rendered in by subordinates and managerial team to gain on margins and dependable on short run objectives (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006, p.93). Finally Pat Cardullo is observed to promote groupism in the company through using Julie Chin in gaining information about activities of Janie Turner. The extent of groupism tends to create distortion in organizational relationships

Globalization and Its Impact on Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Globalization and Its Impact on Business - Essay Example The purpose of the project was meant to inform company B on the need to implement the best practices for communicating in a multicultural environment. The objectives of the project were implemented and this included the best practices and recommendations vital to achieving success in a multicultural environment. The conclusion was also included, which summed up the research report for practices and recommendations vital to achieving success when dealing with diverse cultures. I submit herewith a report on recommendations and the best practices for intercultural communication that Company B will employ. This will help the company to solve communication barriers; thus conducting business effectively in the internal markets. The main purpose of this report is to offer recommendations and best practices that Company B should employ in order to communicate effectively across diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, the company should employ effective practices for intercultural communication in China markets. Questions or any further information relating to any recommendation or practices raised in the project should be directed to me. However, questions of administrative nature may be directed to the managerial leaders of the company. The globalization era has altered the way companies carry out business and also communicates across diverse cultures. The Internet and current technology have paved way to new marketplaces, which enables companies to promote their business in the international or new geographic areas and cultures. The world demands marketing experts who are capable of recognizing the rising communication complexities across cultural borders. The intercultural communications are radically becoming significant in the current globalized world. This is especially to companies going global or those companies carrying out international business, as well as, handling customers from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Hobbes` Rwandan Leviathan Essay Example for Free

Hobbes` Rwandan Leviathan Essay In 1994 the world publicity was shaken by the events in Rwanda, which later were written down in the history books as ‘Rwanda crisis’. According to the local sources, however, this tragedy had been rooted long before the indicated year, particularly it is reported to start in 1990. 1990 is marked by Uganda forces having invaded Rwanda. In addition, this was aggravated by the fact that two presidents of Burundi were assassinated. In order to get the more complete outlook on the situation before the crisis one should be aware that in 1994 (before the black day of the President of Rwanda, Habyarimana, killing) there were one million of displaced people in Rwanda constantly fleeing from the north of the country to the capital Kigali (1, 2006). Hence, to accommodate for all this vast mass a very huge refugee camp had been organized. After their President was killed these people rushed to the city to grab everything they could. As a result there were more than 300 000 deaths between 1990 and 1994, which prevents us from limiting the crisis to the year of 1994 only (1, 2006). But this was only a preface. In brief, the Rwanda crisis can be described as follows: â€Å"The lives of nearly a million people had been taken within 100 days in 1994, as extremist members of the Hutu majority turned on the Tutsi minority and moderate Hutus, vowing to exterminate the Tutsi and their influence on Rwandan society† (2, 1994:4). This massacre was stopped only when the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) threw down the acting genocidal government. Yet, that developed into another blood bath with over two million of Hutu refugees heading for Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zaire (current the Democratic Republic of Congo), etc. Just five days from July 14 to 18, 1994 about 850,000 people crossed the border to Goma in eastern Zaire (2, 1994:5). Even today these to the great extent, innocent Hutus are deprived of basic human rights and numerous cases are known when their human rights have been abused by the RPF (that is now at the helm) and they were returned by force to their Motherland where they do not have any rights at all. The major part of the refugees fled out because of fear convinced (owning to Hutu Power propaganda) that the Tutsi were a â€Å"subhuman† race willing to enslave and extirpate the Hutu people. However, their genocidaires quickly took over the refugee camps. Instead of safety refugees found intimidation, starvation, tortures and death. International humanitarian organizations were powerless and forced to provide aid through the genocidaires or just leave hundreds of thousands of refugees in trouble and distress. The Rwanda crisis proved how unprepared was the international community to dealing with refugee crises that involved threats to peace and security in the world. What is more, the novel Rwandan government together with their allies from Zaire attacked and wiped the refugee camps off the face of the earth claiming that ‘the camps posed incredible and intolerable threat to Rwandan security’ (3, 2006). Thousands and thousands of refugees were killed. Thousands more fell victims to cholera that set in along with other contagious diseases (such as dysentery, malaria, etc. ) as a consequence of people’s exhaustion, lack of food and drinking water. One may suppose that the described above conflict and crises that follows may definitely be a vivid example of Hobbes’ ‘rational’ theory according to which every man lives in fear, as well as the father of rational philosophy did himself. Hobbes once mentioned: Fear and I were born twins together (4, 1996; I: 11). In his main theoretical work and his masterpiece, the Leviathan, Hobbes suggested that there are two methods of state formation: commonwealth by institution commonwealth by acquisition (4, 1996; XIX: 147). With regard to the former, Hobbes supposed that at the uprise of civilization, individuals existed in such state of nature, when life was a perpetual conflict in which men were one another’s enemies. Furthermore, different individuals had relatively equal power, thus being unable to guarantee actual personal security for themselves. As a result, due to such hostile environment, the individual, suffers continued fear, and the danger of violent death and a way of life that is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short (4, 1996, I: 12). Even more, â€Å"nature hath made men so equal in faculties of body and mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that no â€Å"man can thereupon claim to himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he† (4, 1996, XVII: 118). In general, this may be regarded as a society without acting laws and authorities with â€Å"all man have a right to everything†, and situation when â€Å"no action can be unjust† (4, 1996, XVII: 118). Moreover, the described state of nature leads, according to Hobbes, to the condition of war war of all against all, in which human constantly seeks to destroy each other in an incessant pursuit for power (4, 1996, XVII: 118). However, this is not the war we are used to denote with this word. It is rather a condition of awareness about enemies than the act of violence itself. Instead of promoting war, Hobbes emphasizes that war cannot bring any benefits or provide any additional security. His purpose is to convince the readers that ruling power would save people from those unnecessary perils caused by the state of nature. Hence, such unfavorable state of nature, as Hobbes puts it, should and will prompt individuals to organize a ‘civil state’ with a monopolistic sovereign on the head by means of force and coercion. Such monopoly with absolute power will be able to ensure to the individuals safety from other members of their society, as well as protect from external intrusion. Therefore, from the recognition of the necessity for social order and peace people consent to obey to the sovereign. (4, 1996; XVIII: 127). Therefore, it would be more accurate to consider Hobbes’s ‘war’ to be a kind of competition or contest not the real military operations involving victims and bloodshed. It can be compared even to the emulation between two men who want to attract some woman they both like. Moreover, the author of Leviathan himself drives us to this conclusion by the following words: â€Å"So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly, glory† (4, 1996; XVII: 119). He explains this again by the human nature, namely its faults: all men are by nature provided of notable magnifying glasses (that is their Passions and Self-love,) through which, every little payment appeareth a great grievance; but are destitute of those perspective glasses, (namely Moral and Civil Science,) to see a farre off the miseries that hang over them, and cannot without such payments be avoided. From this point of view, it seems, to my mind, obvious, that Rwanda civil war is not the case of Hobbes’ ‘state of war’. For Hobbes seizure of power meant improvement of the living conditions of people, even more it was the only way of providing them. The best society organization, from his standpoint, was the commonwealth in the meaning â€Å"a multitude of people who together consent to a sovereign authority, established by contract to have absolute power over them all, for the purpose of providing peace and common defense† (4, 1996; XVII:124). As it has been mentioned, â€Å"the purpose of establishing a commonwealth is to escape the state of nature and to provide peace and the common defense of the people; the sovereign is responsible for ensuring this defense† (4, 1996; XVII: 124). Remarkably, that the so-called ‘sovereign’ should not necessarily be a single person – it (or ‘he’ as Hobbes uses denotes it) may be comprised of a group of people who purpose at a common aim. Moreover, the sovereigns task is not limited to promoting safety of the people but according to Hobbes, it covers also promotion of economic well-being of the community, sufficient nutrition, etc. By the latter Hobbes implies distribution of materials conducing to life : in concoction, or preparation, and (when concocted) in the conveyance of it, by convenient conduits, to the public use. (4, 1996; XVII: 126). Furthermore, ruling from the fact that there is no such state that can fully supply itself with all necessary resources, as there is no territory under the dominion of one commonwealth, (except it be of very vast extent,) produceth all the things needful for the maintenance of the whole body, Hobbes supposes that the state will import goods or resources from other states through normal trade (4, 1996; XVIII: 137). Hence, as we can see the situation with Rwanda coup detat and Hobbes’ process ad goal of taking power are worlds apart. The same refers to the consequences. Whereas the latter should theoretically results in prosperity of the citizens, the former lead, in fact, to the numerous casualties, famine, etc. Furthermore, in Rwanda there was no realization of ‘rational choices’, rather it was the outburst of ethnic hostility than an effort to capture power in order to improve the welfare of the people. In addition, though Hobbes’ tenet primarily touches upon sovereignty established on the basis of agreement, the scientist maintains that sovereignty reached through acquisition i. e. force entails the same rights and obligations covered by the contract (also called ‘covenant’ or ‘social contract’, which is â€Å"the act of giving up certain natural rights and transferring them to someone else, on the condition that everyone else involved in making the contract also simultaneously gives up their rights. People agreeing to the contract retain only those rights over others that they are content for everyone else to retain over them†) (4, 1996; XVIII: 139). The only difference is the way in which the sovereign comes to power. If a sovereign comes to rule by institution he is supported because people fear each other. And, in contrast, if he comes to rule by acquisition he is supported because people are afraid of him himself, which does not goes apart with the theory of state of nature. Hence, in both cases, the people literally enjoy the same rights, whereas in Rwanda they were completely deprived of any rights. Nevertheless, for Hobbes the second method can be compared with slave-master relationships (without a slave having right to rebel), in Hobbess own words: â€Å"The master of the servant, is master also of all he hath; and may exact the use thereof; that is to say, of his goods, of his labour, of his servant, and of his children, as often as he shall think fit. For he holdeth his life of his master, by the covenant of obedience; that is, of owning, and authorizing whatsoever the master shall do. And in case the master, if he refuse, kill him, or cast him into bonds, or otherwise punish him for his disobedience, he is himself the author of the same, and cannot accuse him of injury† (4, 1996; XVIII: 141). David Gauthier also argues that â€Å"a servant is hardly involved in the decision making calculus of the master; instead the servant exists to carry out the formers dictates† (5, 2000:114). Yet, on the Rwanda’s example, the people defended and rebelled against their genocidaires, thus, they refused to perform the role of servants presupposed by Hobbes. To sum up, the Rwanda crisis has nothing in common with possible transfer to Hobbes’ model of state organization. It was founded on the ethnic hostilities that caused in the long run change of ruling power. Moreover, the purpose of the new government, in my opinion, was not the welfare of the people and the country but mere revenge for years of oppression. What is more, the people, though proving to some extent their natural (in accordance with Hobbes) inclination to being enemies to each other, did not resign themselves to the fact that they should be obedient and humble servants but rebelled instead and fought until the last breath. Nevertheless, even if the conflict is motivated by not the ethnic animosity but the rational choice, I will not recommend Hobbes’ reform of the society organization. At first glance, the objective and functions of his Commonwealth seem to be very promising, for example, preserving the society, establishing an internal order or peace, defending that peace against external violence, etc so that after all individuals can live peaceably (4, 1996; XVIII:145). However, I do not believe in such Utopia as for me it is evident that Hobbes’ state has all features of what is considered or ca turn in future into the totalitarian state (recall those master-slave relationships, overall power of the sovereign, etc. ). Our history has already proven that this form of governing is not applicable and is out-of-date with regard to our world and our life. Whatever the conflicts are, and no matter what leaders come to the rule they should bear in mind that our future is democratic one and there is no place on the earth to dictators and totalitarianism. Bibliography 1. Rwanda the Great Genocide Debate. Retrieved from University of Dayton Library on February 14, 2006: http://www. udayton. edu/~rwanda/articles/genocide/noendinsight.html 2. Rwandan apocalypse by Chris McGreal in Goma, Ian Katz from Guardian, Saturday July 23, 1994, p. 4-6. 3. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide 1959-1994, published by Hurst and Company Ltd, 1995. Retrieved on February 14, 2006 from: http://www. humanrightsfirst. org 4. Hobbes, Thomas (ed. ) Tuck, Richard â€Å"Leviathan†. Cambridge University Press, 1996 5. Gauthier, D. P. (2000). The Logic of the Leviathan: The Moral and Political Theory of Thomas Hobbes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 114-116.

The Post-Soviet Reemergence of the Russian Empire Essay -- essays rese

The 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union signified an end to Russia’s control over its Middle Eastern Empire. Many of its states seceded and founded new nations and Russia lost significant power over the region. The new Russian Federation, in an effort to reestablish Soviet supremacy, has launched a neo-imperialistic campaign to once again have political, economic and security control over the area today known as the Caucasus. Principally, Russia wants to have political control over the area consisting of the lands of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia and Chechnya as well as the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, it is an objective to reap profit from this resource-rich area to stabilize Russia’s economy. Additionally, Russia wants to ensure the security of its power in the Middle East. In order to achieve these motives the Russian Government has used various strategies involving political legerdemain, economic exaction and military operations. After years of weakness following the breakdown of the Soviet Socialist government, Russia has once again sought to expand its empire over all of its successor states. The Russian government has used various tactics to assert power over the Caspian region as well as to achieve its political motives. Russia’s position in the economic sphere has been a valuable strategy to obtain political ends. â€Å"Moscow’s main lever of power, then as now, was its pipeline system, a remnant of the centralized Soviet economy in which all oil and natural gas from the Caspian first traversed Russia before passing on to the West.† (LeVinne, 1999) Russia’s control over this pipeline has meant that it has direct control over the Caspian nation’s resources and can use this to their advantage. One such example was... ...influence within the space of the former Soviet Union a determining aspect in the future of Russian statehood. The entities surrounding the Caspian Sea are also the focus of many vital economic prospects which would contribute to Russia’s hegemony over the Southern Tier region. In a textbook example of neo-imperialism Russia has covered all its bases included the impending threat of enemies resulting from Moscow’s political and economic exploitation. Russia has proved that it will use any means possible such as military conquest and political and economic hegemony to its advantage to extend its control over the territory, political systems and economic profits of the nations forming the Caucasus. The Russian government has certainly demonstrated its resurgent imperial ability and resolute determination to ultimately see the reemergence of a powerful Russian empire.

Andersen’s Case Auditing and Assurance Services

Arthur Andersen was one of the five biggest accounting firms in United States. Arthur Andersen is specific example about the most recent business collapse, which is considered profound in American business history. The firm, practicing in more than 80 countries with thousands of employees, now lost its reputation as an audit and accounting firm. There are many different thoughts and judgments about the case when Arthur Anderson failed its tasks to detect fraudulent financial activities on Enron and several different companies.The Enron Company filed bankruptcy in December of 2001. Being well known as a big energy company which headquarters is located in Houston, the bankruptcy of the company drew lots off attentions from business world. Questions were asked and lots of financial misstatements were revealed and Arthur Andersen – Enron’s external auditing and accounting firm in Houston, was involved. Stephens (2002) stated, Arthur Andersen who were responsible for managin g Enron’s audits, had illegally destroyed paper and electronic documents related to their representation of Enron (p. 4). The case soon went to the jury. Louwers et al. (2011) reported the instructions hinged on the wording of statue that makes it a crime to knowingly use intimidation or physical force, threaten, or corruptly persuade other person. According to Oxford Dictionaries online, corrupt means having or showing a willingness to act dishonestly in return for money or personal gain. In this case, the word â€Å"corrupt† was not applied appropriately to the actions of Anderson. There was no evidence to prove that there is a person who is corrupt persuader.Who was the one that acted dishonestly? The court also needs to identify the personal gain that a corrupt persuader can gain from having such action. The court could not find the answers to this issue, which means the decision is attached to the firm’s fate – Arthur Andersen. Research by Stephens ( 2002) states that to clarify the instruction of Judge Harmon about â€Å"corruptly†, the prosecution describes the illegal conduct of four corrupt persuaders: Duncan, Temple, Thomas Bauer, and Michael Odom.After a few days, the jury was not required to unanimously agree on the single corrupt persuader’s identity (Stephens, 2002). As Louwers et al. (2011) stated that the issues that overturned the Andersen verdict were based on faulty jury instructions, not on whether Andersen was in fact guilty or innocent. It was not Andersen who violated the law; it is individuals of the company who did. Hoxter (2005) argued that the instructions were faulty because they did not require proof that Andersen officials knew they were doing something wrong.The ruling destroying the documents was not a crime. There must be a person with authority who sent out the instructions for Arthur Andersen employees to do so. As Stephens (2002) restated from the interviews with reporters after the v erdict, four jurors identified Temple as that person. It is appropriated for the Supreme Court to overturn the lower court’s decision because Judge Harmon used the word â€Å"promptly† with different meaning from the dictionary, which is â€Å"improper purpose†, such as intent to subvert or undermine the fact finding ability of an official proceeding.The lower court failed in identifying the specific person who is corruptive persuader. According to Duska (2005), Arthur Anderson, a venerable firm, at one time, prided itself in its role as auditor since it fulfilled an important public function. As auditors, Andersen’s employees should have had clear minds to make sure that the financial statements that they audit are really what were going on in the company. However, big money that was made in the consulting means the responsibilities that auditors have to face is heavier.The SEC and the department of Justice should’ve tried to targeted specific ind ividuals who had engaged in acts because it seems not fair for the rest of the firm. According to Cunningham (2005), â€Å"It is a shame that the actions of a few individuals at Andersen caused 28,000 employees in the U. S. to lose their jobs† (p. 6). Indeed, putting the complete firm out of business for the unethical actions of a couple of individuals was the real sin. Andersen’s conviction was overturned does not mean that its employees acted in ethical manner.McNamee and Palmeri (2002) provided information about Arthur Anderson’s cleaning-up mission when the Enron case started to topple. From Anderson’s internal document, Enron team was also busy amending four key memos to correct the record of its review of Enron’s convolute and conflicted partnership deals (McNamee and Palmeri, 2002). Moreover, David Duncan overruled the concerns on at least four occasions, siding instead with Enron on controversial accounting that helps to hide debt amount an d brought up the earnings.That is not all, there are also evidences said that Duncan’s team wrote memos which are falsely stated that PSG partners had signed off on Enron’s inventive bookkeeping. Nancy Temple is the attorney for Arthur Andersen. She is the one who should clearly know about all the regulations and should not be the one who acted unethically. According to McNamee and Palmer (2002), memos from Nancy Temple to David Duncan were found which can considered the main key in the conviction of Duncan about shredding the documents. It is more for Nancy Temple who is more responsible for the Andersen saga.The class action lawsuit against Andersen also has another name which include other entities name in there because those entities also had involved in Enron’s case. These entities helped Enron to cover up because by helping them they make more profit. From Arthur Andersen’s case, entities and accounting firms in business world should learn lessons f or their own goods. If the employees notice of any concerning about the legality of any records, they should contact the legal department right away. There is nothing wrong disposing of business papers that are not needed.It is illegal only when retention is required by law or regulation according to Stephens (2002). Reference Page Hoxter, C. J. (2005). Arthur Andersen Conviction Overturned. Caribbean Business, 33(25), 8. Duska, R. (2005). The Good Auditor – Skeptic or Wealth Accumulator? Ethical Lessons Learned from the Arthur Andersen Debacle. Journal Of Business Ethics, 57(1), 17-29. doi:10. 1007/s10551-004-3818-1 Stephens, D. O. (2002). Lies, Corruption, and Document Destruction. Information Management Journal, 36(5), 23. McNamee, M. , Borrus, A. , & Palmeri, C. (2002). OUT OF CONTROL AT ANDERSEN.Businessweek, (3777), 32-33. Cunningham, C. (2005, July-August). Ruing Andersen's demise and the loss of audit competition. Financial Executive, 21(6), 6. Retrieved from http://g o. galegroup. com. glbvv001. enmu. edu/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA134300985=2. 1=nm_a_enmu=r=EAIM=w In Oxford Dictionaries online. Retrieved from http://oxforddictionaries. com/us/definition/american_english/corrupt? q=corrupt Louwers, T. J. , Ramsay, R. J. , Sinason, D. H, Strawser, J. R, & Thinodeau, J. C. (2011). Auditing & Assurance Services (5th, ed. ). NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Philosophy of Education Essay

Introduction No doubts that the demand for English language proficiency is high as Malaysians enter the international arena. Ergo, the purpose of this paper is to discuss on one of the hottest issues that perturbs the nation – low English language proficiency among Malaysian students. In order to understand more about the issue, we sought to dig the root causes of the issue and in doing so we discovered that the teaching methods applied by teachers because of the factors are contributing to the issue as well. In other words, the factors are interrelated to the reasons why such ill teaching methods are being applied and all these are resulting in low production of good English speakers in Malaysia. First of all, low English language proficiency is the unsatisfactory ability of an individual to speak or perform in English. The overriding concern with this issue is not unreasonable as we need the language to thrive in this 21st century. On the other hand, teaching methodology refers to a set of different principles and methods that are used to instruct students in a teaching and learning environment. In the educational settings, it is rather important to induce the peak performance from the students. This simply means that, we have to conquer the deterrent (i. e. the factors of the issue), whether we modify them or we eliminate them. Like any other issues, there is no such theory as â€Å"one-size-fits-all† solution to handle it. Therefore, we, as the future English teachers want to bring forth several possible recommendations as ways to overcome this issue in hopes that these approaches can truly be implemented and make a difference in the history of English Education in  Malaysia. Issue The pressing issue with low English language proficiency among Malaysian students has been revolving in the ministry of Education. Most students had no problem coping English Language during preschool whereby they were only exposed to the alphabet and very simple words. The real problem began to exist in the elementary level when most of the students were unable to follow the lessons. Students who cannot master English basic skills in this elementary level will breed more problems during the secondary and tertiary level in schools. In primary education, students are not being placed in a very conducive English language learning environment in which they will be given bountiful opportunities to use the language (Ali, 2003). Students fail to use English on a daily basis and when they are forced to use English to communicate, they speak pejorative English which causes the flow of communication to be stymied. This is probably the main reason why students converse in their own mother tongue more often than they do in English. In the modern age of technology, students with low English language proficiency will not make the most out of the internet because most of the websites are in English. If they cannot understand English used in the websites, they will have a hard time attempting to utilize the device. Not only that, the demand of high English language proficiency is around the globe. We can survive here in Malaysia with national language (i. e. Bahasa Malaysia) and our proud dialects yet we need English Language if we want the whole world to know us. Without a good grasp of the English language, students will be deprived of many opportunities in life since English is the international language. Hence, if we want to make a difference in this situation, we will have to start with the primary education. We believe that this issue shall no longer haunt the Malaysians once the root problems have been improvised or rather, solved. Factors The issue with the low English language proficiency among Malaysian students has arisen because the educators are not aware of the manipulative factors behind this tragic scenario. In this section, we will explore these contributory factors. First of all, the number of students is crucial in determining the quality of teaching and learning process. In Malaysia, most of the schools place 30-40 students in one class. In spite of the level of English standard of each student is different, teacher attempts to teach students in the same way. Due to this large number of students in one class, the teacher often has no choice but to apply the boring method – lecture method. To a certain extent, lecture method is appropriate but if that is the only method the teacher is going to apply in class, it will result in dullness and inefficiency. In addition, the large number of students inhibits the teacher to give attention to every single student thus passive learning ensues. Another factor of impeding the students’ ability in English language is that students themselves fall short of initiative and participation in the classroom (Juhana, 2012). Students show no interest in a so-called foreign language and hence very reluctant to get involved with the teaching and learning session. They are inactive to put their own effort in seeking knowledge. For instance, when a student does not understand a certain word in an essay, he or she expects the teacher to provide the meaning. So, instead of waiting for the students to take the initiative to check on the dictionary (which takes time), teacher simply resorts to spoon-feeding method (i. e. providing every material for the students). In the end, only the teacher is learning and the students will merely passively wait on the teacher for answers. In an English class, the reason students failed to use English effectively also attributes to the Eastern philosophy whereby a teacher has the tendency to criticize students’ mistakes very harshly. It demotivates students, making them fearful of speaking the next time and in the worst scenario, students hate the subject and pass up the opportunity of learning. Teachers are impatient with the students’ slips of tongue and they consider such mistakes as a sign of failure. When the students do speak correctly, the teachers think it is how it should be done and they rarely give any words of encouragement or compliments (Hassan & Jamaludin, n. d. ). This tendency indirectly renders the teacher to apply autocratic teaching style which is not helpful for English language learning. This method emphasizes on the teacher’s authoritative identity hence it is very hard for such strict-and-powerful autocratic image to smile and give compliments. Furthermore, due to the exam-oriented platform, many teachers rush through the year in order to push the students to sit for the examination (Ali, 2003). In the English classroom, many teachers have no time to concern with the understanding of students regarding to the rules of grammar, the structures of the sentences and whatnot. For example, they give students essays and require them to copy and memorize. The way to prepare the students for examination the teachers deem best is by drilling. However, such rote learning will only result in stress instead of meaningful learning experience. Eventually, the students are drilled to become competent only on papers but failed completely in daily usage of English. All these factors are equally pernicious in taking a toll on the second language performance among Malaysian students. As educators, we have to generate the strategies to overcome these factors and make the impossible possible. Solutions Previously, we have discovered many factors that indirectly cause the teacher to implement inappropriate teaching methods and so result in low English language proficiency. These factors sum up in one word: teacher-centered. This explains why the teachers are hardly implementing various innovative teaching methods. Teacher-centered method applied in today’s classroom is not effective anymore. Instead of using teacher-centered method, student-centered method which derived from the Modern and Western philosophies should be implemented. Progressivists believe that education should focus on the whole child, rather than on the context or the teacher. Hence, since the number of students is large, the schools should bring in more facilitators in a class to assist the students. This will help the facilitator pays close attention to the students. With the assistance of facilitators in a classroom, there is no reason why active learning cannot take place. For example, one leading teacher can carry out the group discussion and enable the children to experience hands-on learning. A French philosopher, Jean Paul Sartre, suggested that for youth, the existential moment arises when young people realize for the first time that choice is theirs, that they are responsible for themselves. The nature of reality for Existentialists is subjective, and it lies within the individual. They have the freedom to take charge of their own learning as  they are given the opportunity to manage their own learning process. We as teachers are responsible to facilitate the students in their learning process rather than teaching them what to do. This indirectly helps to provide opportunity for the students to take control of their own learning process. As they are interested in what they have chosen to read or learn, they will be the ones who solve the problem (e. g. meaning of a word) instead of being spoon-fed by the teachers. In this way they will be able to make progress in their lessons and participate more. Western philosophers stress on active participation on their learners but to criticize and demotivate the students is not proper in the western philosophy. Western education philosophy believes that providing compliments to the students is an important task for a teacher as it will motivate the students to strive hard. For example, compliments given to the students when they score well in their examination or did a good job in the task or assignments given by the teacher. However, teachers should not only provide compliment when they excel but also to give encouragement when they are not doing so well in the examination. For instance, during an English class, teacher distributes the test papers after the examination, it is not encouraged for the teacher to read out loud the score as it will demotivate and also embarrass the student. It is better that the teacher gives a word of encouragement so to push them to work harder next time. Furthermore, the education ministers should really abolish the exam-oriented system. Instead, the 50% coursework assessment should enter the system. Coursework can include all kinds of fun activities that require students to apply the language learned. This is to overcome the agonizing drilling method. With that, Western philosophy that emphasizes on understanding the subject matter can be very handy in this scenario. For example, the students should learn by understanding the reasons why each part of speech in grammar has different functions. In a nutshell, according to the Western philosophy, students learn by meaningful learning, they do not memorize what they have learnt but rather understand what they are learning. These philosophical resolutions are only useful provided the government, educators, teachers, parents and students and community at large give their best cooperation into making them a success. If we are serious about improvising the English language proficiency among Malaysian students, nothing can stop us, not even the factors of the failure in the first place. Conclusion In conclusion, teaching methodology contributes towards the effectiveness and success of the teaching and learning process. As what we have explored there are several factors that hinder the English Language proficiency among Malaysian students. Among those contributory factors discussed are the number of students, students’ shortfall of motivation, harsh criticism for students’ mistakes and the exam-oriented education system. All these factors are very much harmful in the process of second language acquisition (i. e. English Language). As such, we have provided remarkably appropriate strategies as the solutions to overcome this issue. They are the implementation of student-centered teaching which focuses on the students’ – their ideas and opinions, providing more teachers as facilitators in class, hands on learning (Progressivism), place importance on individual choice (Existentialism), giving compliments instead of criticism (Western Philosophy), and learn through understanding rather than mere memorization (Western Philosophy). Hence, by utilizing all the four education philosophies in moderation which are Modern philosophies such as Progressivism and Existentialism, also the two Western approaches that focus on students rather than the teachers. We strongly agree with usage of the Modern Philosophies and the Western Philosophies according to the needs and suitability of class as what we have discussed. We believe that we can produce an ideal education transformation to develop individual holistically and thus enhance the English Language proficiency by applying and practicing appropriate teaching methods to encounter the troublesome factors. References Ali, M. S. (2003). English Language Teaching in Primary Schools: Policy and Implementation Concerns. IPBA E-Journal, 2-3. Hassan, A. & Jamaludin, N. S. (n. d. ) Approaches & Values in Two Gigantic Educational Philosophies: East and West. Retrieved on March, 22, 2013 from http://www. oerj. org/View? action=viewPaper&paper=7 Juhana, J. (2012). Psychological Factors That Hinder Students from Speaking in English Class (A Case Study in a Senior High School in South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia). Journal of Education and Practice, Vol 3, No 12. , 103.